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长难句解析

Air pollution is a (global public) health disaster 【that does not get the attention 【it deserves】 【because most of the people 【who die】 are poor or otherwise vulnerable】】】.

句子主干：Air pollution is a health disaster.

修饰成分1: global public 形容词做前置定语，修饰health disaster

修饰成分2: that …… or otherwise vulnerable 定语从句修饰health disaster

定语从句主干：that does not get the attention

修饰成分1: it deserves 定语从句修饰attention（省略了that）

修饰成分2: because most of the people【who die】 are poor or otherwise vulnerable 原因状语从句，其中包含了定语从句who die修饰people

A ruling (by the United Nations human rights committee a year ago) found 【it is unlawful (for governments) to return people to countries 【where their lives might be threatened by the climate crisis】】.

句子主干：A ruling found + 宾语从句（省略了that）

修饰成分1: by the United Nations human rights committee a year ago 介词短语做定语，修饰ruling

宾语从句主干：it is unlawful to return people to countries  it做形式主语，真正的主语是to return people to countries 不定式短语

修饰成分1: for governments 介词短语做状语

修饰成分2: where their lives might be threatened by the climate crisis 定语从句修饰countries