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长难句解析

A student (taking Japan's standardized university entrance exams) was disqualified (Saturday) (for refusing to cover their nose with a facial mask), (in violation of rules) (set by the exam operator) (to prevent the spread of the coronavirus).

句子主干：A student was disqualified.

修饰成分1: taking Japan's standardized university entrance exams 非谓语doing做后置定语，修饰student

修饰成分2: Saturday 名词做时间状语

修饰成分3: for refusing to cover their nose with a facial mask 介词短语做原因状语

修饰成分4: in violation of rules 介词短语做状语

修饰成分5: set by the exam operator 非谓语done做后置定语，修饰rules

修饰成分6: to prevent the spread of the coronavirus 非谓语to do做后置定语，修饰rules

The center allows those 【who cannot wear facial masks due to a medical condition】 to take the exams (in a separate room), 【as long as they ask to do so one day prior to the tests】.

句子主干：The center allows those to take the exams.

修饰成分1: who cannot wear facial masks due to a medical condition 定语从句修饰those

修饰成分2: in a separate room 介词短语做地点状语

修饰成分3: as long as they ask to do so one day prior to the tests 条件状语从句